The word ‘motivation’ originates from the Latin word ‘movere’, which means to move. It is an inner urge in an individual that drives him/her towards a certain goal. One way to explain entrepreneurial aspiration levels is by means of motives (Kolvereid, 1992; Amit et al., 2001; Morris et al., 2006; and Cassar, 2007). The entrepreneurial process occurs because people are motivated to pursue and exploit perceived opportunities. It is rooted in the theory that action is the result of motivation and cognition (Diana et al., 2012). Locke and Latham (1990) observed that motivation refers to factors within an individual, other than knowledge, which energize, direct and sustain behavior. According to Bird (1988), entrepreneurial motivation is manifested in the entrepreneur’s vision and goals and it bears upon planning and behavior

Abstract

Rapid advancements in Software Verification and Validation have been critical in the wide development of tools and techniques to identify potential Concurrent bugs and hence verify the software correctness. A concurrent program has multiple processes and shared objects. Each process is a sequential program and they use the shared objects for communication for completion of a task. The primary objective of this survey is retrospective review of different tools and methods used for the verification of real-time concurrent software. This paper describes the proposed tool ‘F-JAVA’ for multithreaded Java codebases in contrast with existing ‘FRAMA-C’ platform, which is dedicated to real-time concurrent C software analysis. The proposed system is comprised of three layers, namely Programming rules generation stage, Verification stage with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, and Performance measurement stage. It aims to address some of the challenges in the verification process such as larger programs, long execution times, and false alarms or bugs, and platform independent code verification